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Module: | Psychological Insights & Metaphysics

Q81: Consider the following statements regarding the shaping of a child's character as described by Kalam:

1. According to the text, every child is born with some inherited characteristics into a specific socio-economic and emotional environment.
2. Kalam notes that children are subsequently trained in certain ways by figures of authority within that environment.
3. He believed that this environmental training completely overrides and erases any naturally inherited characteristics a child might have.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A
Only 1 and 2
B
Only 2 and 3
C
Only 1 and 3
D
All 1, 2, and 3
✅ Correct Answer: A
🎯 Quick Answer:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Children are born with inherited traits and then trained by authority figures in a specific environment.
Concept Definition: The text addresses the classic nature versus nurture psychological debate, suggesting a synthesis: a child is a product of both innate biology (inherited characteristics) and environmental conditioning (training by authority figures). Structural Breakdown: Kalam identifies the baseline (birth into a socio-economic/emotional environment), the innate material (inherited traits), and the external molding force (figures of authority). Historical/Related Context: This reflection is critical in autobiographies, as the author attempts to trace the exact origins of their adult success.
Kalam credits both his genetic lineage and the strict, loving environment created by his parents.
Causal Reasoning: Statement 3 is incorrect because Kalam does not state that training erases inherited traits; rather, the two work in tandem to shape the individual.